基于专利合作数据的医药制造业跨区域创新合作的影响因素实证分析(1)
摘 要 目的：为推动我国医药制造业区域间创新合作，构建更加完善、紧密的医药创新合作网络提供参考。方法：基于国家知识产权局公布的我国医药制造业专利合作数据，提取2016年我国31个省、自治区、直辖市之间跨区域合作的主要专利数据;查阅文献，对可能影响我国医药制造业跨区域创新合作的影响因素提出若干假设;以省际研发合作强度为因变量，上述影响因素为自变量，运用二次指派程序分析方法构建模型，并进行分析。结果与结论：区域间生产总值差异、地理距离、经济距离、技术距离及合作区域中是否有北京或上海参与等均对医药制造业跨区域创新合作产生影响。区域间生产总值差异大，合作可能性更高;以北京、上海为代表的发达地区具有较强的辐射带动作用，能够显著促进合作的产生;地理距离、经济距离对医药制造业跨区域创新合作均具有负向作用，而技术距离则具有正向作用。
关键词 医药制造业;跨区域;创新合作;专利;二次指派程序分析
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for promoting innovation cooperation of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry among regions and building a more perfect and close pharmaceutical innovation cooperation network. METHODS： Based on China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing cooperation patent data published by the State Intellectual Property Office， the main cross-region cooperation patents among 31 provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities in China in 2016 were extracted; based on literature review， some hypotheses were put forward about the factors that may affect the cross regional innovation cooperation of Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Taking the provincial R&D cooperation intensity as the dependent variable and the above influencing factors as the independent variables， QAP analysis method was used to establish the model for data analysis. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：Differences in regional economic GDP， geographic distance， economic distance， technical distance， and whether Beijing or Shanghai are involved in the cooperation area all have an impact on cross-regional innovation cooperation in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Large regional economic GDP difference is conducive to promoting cooperation. Developed regions represented by Beijing and Shanghai have strong radiating effects and can significantly promote cooperation. Geographical distance and economic distance have a negative effect on cross-regional innovation cooperation in pharmaceutical manufacturing， while technological distance has positive effect.
KEYWORDS Pharmaceutical manufacturing industry; Cross-regional; Innovation cooperation; Patent; QAP analysis
为联合多方资源、增强整体竞争力，当前我国医药制造业跨区域创新合作网络逐渐发展扩大，跨区域合作项目逐渐增多，但跨区域创新合作发展相对不平衡，各省市开展情况的差异较大[1-2]。因此，探讨影响我国各省市之间医药创新合作的因素及这些因素对创新合作的影响程度，将有利于推动各区域医药制造的相关方加强创新合作，构建更加完善、紧密的医药创新合作网络，以弥补地区资源技术差异，促进全国各地区医药行业健康发展。
区域创新活动是一个复杂的现象，由多种力量共同起作用;科学技术知识的生产主要集中在高科技集群、创新产业集群、卓越中心和技术先进地区[3]。目前，有关跨区域创新合作网络影响因素的实证研究还比较少，现有研究主要针对全行业进行分析，而有研究者认为，区域创新系统中企业的创新合作倾向因企业规模和所属行业的不同而有所差异[4]。医药制造业作为高技术行业之一，企业分布和创新合作具备一定的独特性，因此针对医药制造业的跨区域创新合作分析研究十分重要。一般認为，专利是衡量创新性的关键指标[5-6]，故本研究拟通过分析专利合作数据以探讨医药制造业跨区域创新合作的影响因素，并以研发需求高的医药制造业为对象进行实证分析，旨在为推动我国医药制造业区域间创新合作，构建更加完善、紧密的医药创新合作网络提供参考。, 百拇医药(陈泳洁 赵杨升 黄慧媛 褚淑贞)
关键词 医药制造业;跨区域;创新合作;专利;二次指派程序分析
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for promoting innovation cooperation of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry among regions and building a more perfect and close pharmaceutical innovation cooperation network. METHODS： Based on China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing cooperation patent data published by the State Intellectual Property Office， the main cross-region cooperation patents among 31 provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities in China in 2016 were extracted; based on literature review， some hypotheses were put forward about the factors that may affect the cross regional innovation cooperation of Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Taking the provincial R&D cooperation intensity as the dependent variable and the above influencing factors as the independent variables， QAP analysis method was used to establish the model for data analysis. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：Differences in regional economic GDP， geographic distance， economic distance， technical distance， and whether Beijing or Shanghai are involved in the cooperation area all have an impact on cross-regional innovation cooperation in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Large regional economic GDP difference is conducive to promoting cooperation. Developed regions represented by Beijing and Shanghai have strong radiating effects and can significantly promote cooperation. Geographical distance and economic distance have a negative effect on cross-regional innovation cooperation in pharmaceutical manufacturing， while technological distance has positive effect.
KEYWORDS Pharmaceutical manufacturing industry; Cross-regional; Innovation cooperation; Patent; QAP analysis
为联合多方资源、增强整体竞争力，当前我国医药制造业跨区域创新合作网络逐渐发展扩大，跨区域合作项目逐渐增多，但跨区域创新合作发展相对不平衡，各省市开展情况的差异较大[1-2]。因此，探讨影响我国各省市之间医药创新合作的因素及这些因素对创新合作的影响程度，将有利于推动各区域医药制造的相关方加强创新合作，构建更加完善、紧密的医药创新合作网络，以弥补地区资源技术差异，促进全国各地区医药行业健康发展。
区域创新活动是一个复杂的现象，由多种力量共同起作用;科学技术知识的生产主要集中在高科技集群、创新产业集群、卓越中心和技术先进地区[3]。目前，有关跨区域创新合作网络影响因素的实证研究还比较少，现有研究主要针对全行业进行分析，而有研究者认为，区域创新系统中企业的创新合作倾向因企业规模和所属行业的不同而有所差异[4]。医药制造业作为高技术行业之一，企业分布和创新合作具备一定的独特性，因此针对医药制造业的跨区域创新合作分析研究十分重要。一般認为，专利是衡量创新性的关键指标[5-6]，故本研究拟通过分析专利合作数据以探讨医药制造业跨区域创新合作的影响因素，并以研发需求高的医药制造业为对象进行实证分析，旨在为推动我国医药制造业区域间创新合作，构建更加完善、紧密的医药创新合作网络提供参考。, 百拇医药(陈泳洁 赵杨升 黄慧媛 褚淑贞)